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In the Russian Federation, a state secret (Государственная тайна), according to the definition adopted in the ''Official Secrets Act of the Russian Federation,'' is information protected by the state on its military, foreign policy, economic, intelligence, counterintelligence, operational and investigative and other activities, dissemination of which could harm state security. ==Protection of State Secrets in the Russian Federation== Legislation of the Russian Federation on State Secrets was based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Law "On Security" and "On State Secrets". The list of information constituting state secrets shall be determined by federal law "On State Secrets" (Section II), under which inter-ministerial Commission for the Protection of State Secrets generates a list of information classified as state secrets. Public authorities, whose leaders have the authority to designate information as state secrets, develop, within their competence, detailed lists of information to be classified. Guided by these lists, originators determine the degree of secrecy of information, establish the secrecy of documents developed by them (carriers) and their restrictive measures. Under the law "On State Secrets" it is forbidden to designate as state secrets and classify information: * on emergencies and disasters that threaten the safety and health of citizens, and their consequences, as well as natural disasters, their official forecasts and consequences; * state environment, health, sanitation, demography, education, culture, agriculture, and the state of crime; * on privileges, compensations and social safeguards provided by the state to citizens, officials, enterprises, institutions and organizations; * about violations of human rights and freedoms of man and citizen; * on the amount of gold reserves and government foreign exchange reserves of the Russian Federation; * on the health status of senior officials of the Russian Federation; * on any violations of law by public authorities and their officials. For most of the 20th century, classification in Russia included topographic maps that are fully unclassified in most other countries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, maps of scale 1:100,000 and less were declassified, but larger scale maps were still considered a state secret.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Are there going to be fewer secrets in Russia? )〕 This caused a number of problems for GIS and navigation software makers, and many foreign tourists relied on war time maps prepared by the Germans (e.g. Caucasus area). Around 2010, the declassification process for maps of larger scale (up to 1:50,000) was started.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Секретные карты Минобороны России станут доступными для всех )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Classified information in Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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